GEN YANG PALING BERPENGARUH DALAM MENDETEKSI Escherichia Coli DENGAN METODE PCR DAN QPCR: LITERATUR REVIEW
Keywords:
Diare, Escherichia coli, Gen, PCR
Abstract
Diare adalah penyakit yang dapat terjadi pada dewasa maupun anak-anak. Diare juga menjadi penyakit yang terjadi dibanyak negara khususnya negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Diare disebabkan oleh berbagai jenis mikroorganisme salah satunya Escherichia coli (E.coli). Bakteri E. coli mempunyai beberapa tipe yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya diare yaitu diantaranya E.coli (EPEC), enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) dan diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC). Salah satu metode deteksi yang berkembang saat ini adalah dengan metode PCR. Untuk itu review ini berfokus pada penentuan gen-gen yang digunakan untuk menentukan tipe strain dari bakteri E.coli. Berdasarkan hasil review, bakteri strain EPEC dan ETEC menjadi tipe strain yang paling banyak diteliti. Metode yang digunakan lebih banyak menggunakan PCR (86,74%) dibandingkan qPCR (13,16%). Selain itu, didapatkan juga gen-gen yang paling sering digunakan untuk mendeteksi tipe strain E.Coli, yaitu gen stx1 dan stx2 (STEC), gen ST/est dan LT/elt (ETEC), gen eae dan bfpA (EPEC), gen ipaH (EIEC), gen DaaE (DAEC), dan gen aggR dan CVD432 (EAEC). Oleh sebab itu, beberapa gen yang sering diteliti yang dihasilkan dari review ini dapat menjadi acuan untuk dijadikan sebagai marker dalam mendeteksi penyakit E. coli beserta tipenya.
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Maculins, T., Fiskin, E., Bhogaraju, S., & Dikic, I. (2016). Bacteria-host relationship: ubiquitin ligases as weapons of invasion. Cell Research, 26(4), 499–510. https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2016.30
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Nataro, J. P., & Kaper, J. B. (1998). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 11(1), 142–201. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.11.1.142
Notario, R., Borda, N., Gambande, T., & Sutich, E. (1996). Species and serovars of enteropathogenic agents associated with acute diarrheal disease in Rosario, Argentina. Revista Do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 38(1), 5–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651996000100002
O’Donnell, L. A. (2012). Sherris Medical Microbiology as a Resource for Doctor of Pharmacy Students. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 13(1), 102–103. https://doi.org/10.1128/JMBE.V13I1.403
Perrett, C. A., Lin, D. Y., & Zhou, D. (2011). Interactions of Bacterial Proteins with Host Eukaryotic Ubiquitin Pathways. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2011.00143
Platts-Mills, J. A., Liu, J., & Houpt, E. R. (2013). New concepts in diagnostics for infectious diarrhea. Mucosal Immunology, 6(5), 876–885. https://doi.org/10.1038/MI.2013.50
Rao, M. C. (1985). Toxins which activate guanylate cyclase: heat-stable enterotoxins. Ciba Foundation Symposium, 112, 74–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470720936.ch5
Roberts, A. B., Wallace, B. D., Venkatesh, M. K., Mani, S., & Redinbo, M. R. (2013). Molecular insights into microbial β-glucuronidase inhibition to abrogate CPT-11 toxicity. Molecular Pharmacology, 84(2), 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.113.085852
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Thavaththurai, M., & Amarasekara, U. (2021). Identification of E. Coli in Drinking Water Samples in Jaffna (Valikamam, West) Area and Detection of Antibiotic Resistance. 84(23), 61–84.
Titilawo, Y., Obi, L., & Okoh, A. (2015). Occurrence of virulence gene signatures associated with diarrhoeagenic and non-diarrhoeagenic pathovars of Escherichia coli isolates from some selected rivers in South-Western Nigeria. BMC Microbiology, 15(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0540-3
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Blank, T. E., Zhong, H., Bell, A. L., Whittam, T. S., & Donnenberg, M. S. (2000). Molecular variation among type IV pilin (bfpA) genes from diverse enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Infection and Immunity, 68(12), 7028–7038. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.68.12.7028-7038.2000
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Dejkam, A., & Hatam-Nahavandi, K. (2021). Dysentery in Children. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 50(9), 1930. https://doi.org/10.18502/IJPH.V50I9.7082
Delannoy, S., Beutin, L., & Fach, P. (2012). Use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequence polymorphisms for specific detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains of serotypes O26:H11, O45:H2, O103:H2, O111:H8, O121:H19, O145:H28, and O157:H7 by real-time PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 50(12), 4035–4040. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02097-12
Delannoy, S., Beutin, L., & Fach, P. (2013). Discrimination of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) from Non-EHEC strains based on detection of various combinations of Type III effector genes. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 51(10), 3257–3262. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01471-13
Delannoy, S., Beutin, L., & Facha, P. (2013). Towards a molecular definition of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (EHEC): Detection of genes located on O Island 57 as markers to distinguish EHEC from closely related enteropathogenic e. coli strains. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 51(4), 1083–1088. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02864-12
Dimitrova, A., Gershunov, A., Levy, M. C., & Benmarhnia, T. (2023). Uncovering social and environmental factors that increase the burden of climate-sensitive diarrheal infections on children. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(3), e2119409120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119409120
Dupont, H. L. (2016). Persistent Diarrhea: A Clinical Review. JAMA, 315(24), 2712–2723. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2016.7833
Evans, D. J., & Evans, D. (1996). Escherichia Coli in Diarrheal Disease. In S. Baron (Ed.), Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7710/
Igbokwe, H., Bhattacharyya, S., Gradus, S., Khubbar, M., Griswold, D., Navidad, J., Igwilo, C., Masson-Meyers, D., & Azenabor, A. A. (2015). Preponderance of toxigenic Escherichia coli in stool pathogens correlates with toxin detection in accessible drinking-water sources. Epidemiology and Infection, 143(3), 494–504. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268814001046
Kaper, J. B., Nataro, J. P., & Mobley, H. L. . (2004). Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2(2), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro818
Kiesau, M. (2007). Diarrhea. Comprehensive Pediatric Hospital Medicine, 149–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-032303004-5.50035-1
Kotloff, K. L., Platts-Mills, J. A., Nasrin, D., Roose, A., Blackwelder, W. C., & Levine, M. M. (2017). Global burden of diarrheal diseases among children in developing countries: Incidence, etiology, and insights from new molecular diagnostic techniques. Vaccine, 35(49), 6783–6789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.036
Lasalde, C., Rodriguez, R., Smith, H. H., & Toranzos, G. A. (2005). Heterogeneity of uidA gene in environmental Escherichia coli populations. Journal of Water and Health, 3(3), 297–304. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2005.041
Loman, N. J., Constantinidou, C., Christner, M., Chan, J. Z. M., Quick, J., Weir, J. C., Quince, C., Smith, G. P., Betley, J. R., Aepfelbacher, M., & Pallen, M. J. (2013). A Culture-Independent Sequence-Based Metagenomics Approach to the Investigation of an Outbreak of Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli O104:H4. JAMA, 309(14), 1502–1510. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2013.3231
Maculins, T., Fiskin, E., Bhogaraju, S., & Dikic, I. (2016). Bacteria-host relationship: ubiquitin ligases as weapons of invasion. Cell Research, 26(4), 499–510. https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2016.30
Melton-Celsa, A. R. (2014). Shiga Toxin (Stx) Classification, Structure, and Function. Microbiology Spectrum, 2(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.ehec-0024-2013
Mikhail, I. A., Fox, E., Haberberger, R. L. J., Ahmed, M. H., & Abbatte, E. A. (1990). Epidemiology of bacterial pathogens associated with infectious diarrhea in Djibouti. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 28(5), 956–961. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.28.5.956-961.1990
Nasser, A., Dallal, M. M. S., Foroushani, A. R., & Yavarian, J. (2023). Effect of Propidium Monoazide in the Detection of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the Pediatric. Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.5812/pedinfect-135011
Nataro, J. P., & Kaper, J. B. (1998). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 11(1), 142–201. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.11.1.142
Notario, R., Borda, N., Gambande, T., & Sutich, E. (1996). Species and serovars of enteropathogenic agents associated with acute diarrheal disease in Rosario, Argentina. Revista Do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 38(1), 5–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651996000100002
O’Donnell, L. A. (2012). Sherris Medical Microbiology as a Resource for Doctor of Pharmacy Students. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 13(1), 102–103. https://doi.org/10.1128/JMBE.V13I1.403
Perrett, C. A., Lin, D. Y., & Zhou, D. (2011). Interactions of Bacterial Proteins with Host Eukaryotic Ubiquitin Pathways. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2011.00143
Platts-Mills, J. A., Liu, J., & Houpt, E. R. (2013). New concepts in diagnostics for infectious diarrhea. Mucosal Immunology, 6(5), 876–885. https://doi.org/10.1038/MI.2013.50
Rao, M. C. (1985). Toxins which activate guanylate cyclase: heat-stable enterotoxins. Ciba Foundation Symposium, 112, 74–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470720936.ch5
Roberts, A. B., Wallace, B. D., Venkatesh, M. K., Mani, S., & Redinbo, M. R. (2013). Molecular insights into microbial β-glucuronidase inhibition to abrogate CPT-11 toxicity. Molecular Pharmacology, 84(2), 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.113.085852
Sack, R. B. (1980). Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: identification and characterization. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 142(2), 279–286. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/142.2.279
Sarker, M. H. R., Moriyama, M., Rahman, M. M., Das, S. K., Uzzaman, M. N., Das, J., Uddin, A., Banu, S., Khan, S. H., Shahid, A. S. M. S. B., Shahunja, K. M., Chisti, M. J., Faruque, A. S. G., & Ahmed, T. (2021). Characteristics of Rotavirus, ETEC, and VibrioCholerae Among Under 2-year Children Attending an Urban DiarrhealDisease Hospital in Bangladesh. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501327211049118
Scaletsky, I. C. A., Silva, M. L. M., & Trabulsi, L. R. (1984). Distinctive patterns of adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HeLa cells. Infection and Immunity, 45(2), 534–536. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.45.2.534-536.1984
Sethabutr, O., Venkatesan, M., Yam, S., Pang, L. W., Smoak, B. L., Sang, W. K., Echeverria, P., Taylor, D. N., & Isenbarger, D. W. (2000). Detection of PCR products of the ipaH gene from Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 37(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0732-8893(00)00122-x
Tang, Y.-W., Sussman, M., Liu, D., Poxton, I., & Schwartzman, J. (2015). Molecular Medical Microbiology (Second). Elsevier.
Thavaththurai, M., & Amarasekara, U. (2021). Identification of E. Coli in Drinking Water Samples in Jaffna (Valikamam, West) Area and Detection of Antibiotic Resistance. 84(23), 61–84.
Titilawo, Y., Obi, L., & Okoh, A. (2015). Occurrence of virulence gene signatures associated with diarrhoeagenic and non-diarrhoeagenic pathovars of Escherichia coli isolates from some selected rivers in South-Western Nigeria. BMC Microbiology, 15(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0540-3
Troeger, C., Blacker, B. F., Khalil, I. A., Rao, P. C., Cao, S., Zimsen, S. R., Albertson, S. B., Stanaway, J. D., Deshpande, A., Abebe, Z., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A. T., Asgedom, S. W., Anteneh, Z. A., Antonio, C. A. T., Aremu, O., Asfaw, E. T., Atey, T. M., Atique, S., … Reiner, R. C. (2018). Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoea in 195 countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18(11), 1211–1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30362-1
Ugboko, H. U., Nwinyi, O. C., Oranusi, S. U., & Oyewale, J. O. (2020). Childhood diarrhoeal diseases in developing countries. Heliyon, 6(4), e03690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03690
UniProt. (2024). daaE Gene. https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P13719/entry
WHO. (2023). Diarrhoeal disease. WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease
Published
2024-08-18
How to Cite
Ida Ayu Preharsini Kusuma, & Nyoman Yudi Antara. (2024). GEN YANG PALING BERPENGARUH DALAM MENDETEKSI Escherichia Coli DENGAN METODE PCR DAN QPCR: LITERATUR REVIEW . Journal of Scientech Research and Development, 6(1), 1487-1499. https://doi.org/10.56670/jsrd.v6i1.497
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